wooden support entirely disconnected from the refractometer which was mounted on brick piers.
Fig. 1.—Yertical section through tubes. Fig. 2.—Plan of tubes. Fig. 3.— One end* of tubes, showing glass plate inclined to axis. Fig. 4.—Gauge for velocity at different points. Fig. 5.—Plan of refractometer.
The flow of water was obtained by filling a tank four feet in diameter and three feet .high, placed in the attic, about 23 meters above the apparatus, with which it was connected by a three inch pipe. The latter branched into two parts, and each
branch again into two; the two pairs being joined each to one of the tubes. The branches were provided with large valves, by turning which the current was made to flow in either direction through the tubes and into a large tank, from which it was afterward pumped up to the upper tank again. The flow lasted about three minutes, which gave time for a number of observations, with the flow in alternating directions.
Method of observation.—In the first series of observations a single wire micrometer was used in the eyepiece of the observing telescope, but afterward a double wire micrometer was employed. The tubes being filled with distilled water, the light from an electric lamp was directed toward the central glass of the refractometer and the latter adjusted by screws till the light passed centrally down both tubes, and then the right angled prism at the further end adjusted till the light returned and was reflected into the telescope, where generally two images were observed. These were made to coincide, and the fringes at once appeared. They could then be altered in width or direction by the screws, till the best result was obtained. A slight motion of one of the mirrors produced an inclination of the fringes, and the horizontal wire of the micrometer was placed at the portion of the fringes which remained fixed, notwithstanding the movement of the mirror. This adjustment was frequently verified, and as long as it was true, no motion of the tubes or distortion of the glasses could have any effect on the measurements. During this adjustment it was found convenient to have a slow current of water, to avoid distortions on account of unequal density.
The signal being given the current was turned on, and the micrometer lines set, one on each of the two dark bands on either side of the central bright fringe, and the readings noted. The difference between them gave the width of the fringe, and their mean, the position of the center of the central white fringe. This being verified the signal was given to reverse the current ; when the fringes were displaced, and the same measurements taken ; and this was continued till the water was all out of the upper tank. Following is a specimen of one such set of observations.
No. 63.
Direction of current, Micrometer wire,
I
II 13 10
13
14 10
+
r.
I.
80
71
7#
67
65
61
r.
34
35 40 38 40 35
93 88 90 92 89
94
Means
11*8 37-0
69'5 91*0
