Michelson A. A. Light waves and their uses (1903)

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INDEX.

Aberration, 149.

Accuracy of measurement: value of increasing, 23: limit without lenses, 25; limit with lenses, 27; increase due to lenses, 30; increase due to interferometer, 36; of standards of length with grating, 85; of length of seconds pendulum, 86; of earth’s circumference, 87 ; of wave length with the interferometer, 98.

Air wedge: interference produced by, 15.

Amphipleuka pellucida : use as test of resolution, 30.

Amplitude, 6.

Analysis ; of periodic curves, 68; of the nature of a source of light, 76.

Analyzer ; harmonic, 68.

Arago : velocity of light, 48; interferometer, 51.

Beats; between tuning-forks, 12.

Black spot : on soap film, 53; thickness of, 54.

Boiling of star images, 129.

Bradley : aberration, 149.

Burnham: Jupiter’s satellites, 142.

Cadmium: analysis of radiations of, 81; red radiation as standard of length, 91; number of waves in meter, 98; action of magnetism on radiations of, 116.

Comets : resistance by ether to motion of, 45.

Corpuscular theory, 44.

Diffraction; of sound waves, 19; in telescope and microscope, 29; by rectangular opening, 32.

Diffraction pattern: due to circular opening, 29, 130; due to rectangular opening, 133; due to two slits, 134.

Double slit; use of in astronomical work, 134.

Earth: resistance by ether to motion of, 45,148; circumference of as standard of length, 87.

Echelon spectroscope, 122.

Efficiency: of microscope and telescope, 25.

Electrolysis, 113.

Electromagnetic nature of light, 160.

Engelmann: Jupiter’s satellites, 142.

Ether: properties of, 45, 146; vortex-theory of, 161.

Expansion: measurement of coefficient of, 5o.

Faraday: action of magnetism on light, 107.

Fievez: action of magnetism on light, 107.

Fitzgerald: action of magnetism on light, 112.

Fizeau: velocity of light, 48; in moving media, 152.

Foucault : velocity of light, 48.

Fraunhofer: lines in solar spectrum, 60.

Fresnel : measurement of index of refraction, 51; moving media, 152.

Fringes: , due to two openings, 33; breadth of, 34; use of in spectrum analysis, 64.

Gases : liquefaction of, 24.

Gould : standards of length, 84, 103.

Grating : diffraction, 23, 84, 119; efficiency of, 121.

Gravitation constant: measurement with interferometer, 56.

Gun sight : use in measuring angles, 25.

Harmonic motion, 6; analyzer, 68.

Hertz; oscillator, 160..

Hough: Jupiter’s satellites, 142.

Hydrogen : analysis of radiations of, 78.

Image: formation of, 26.

Interference: definition of, 8; of sound waves, 9; of mercury ripples, 11; of light in soap film, 12; of two trains of waves, 64.

Interferometer: definition of, 33, 36; description of, 40; application of to measure index of refraction, 51; to measure thickness of soap film, 53; to measure coefficient of expansion, 55; to measure gravitation constant, 56; to test screws, 57; to measure light waves, 58; to analyze spectral lines, 60, 73, 78; to determine standards of length, 89; to the Zeeman effect, 108, 114; to astronomical measurements, 127; to aberration, 157.

Intermediate standards of length, 93.

Iron: spectrum of, 62.

Johonnott: thickness of liquid films, ->4.

Jupiter, 128; size of satellites, 141.

Kelvin : dynamic model of wave motion, 5,16.

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106

Index

Larmor : action of magnetism on light, 112.

Lens : formation of image by, 26.

Leverrier: discovery of Uranus, 24.

Linear measurements : attainable accuracy in, 25.

Lorentz: action of magnetism on light, 112; aberration, 156.

Magnetism : action on light, 107.

Magnification : produced by lens, 27 ; loss of light in, 27; of fringes by interferometer, 32.

Manometric capsule, 10.

Mars, 128.

Maxwell : aberration, 156.

Mercury : analysis of radiations of, 80.

Meter : manufacture of, 87; value in waves of cadmium light, 104.

Microscope : efficiency of, 25; limit of resolution of, 30.

Molecules: complexity of, shown by spectrum, 82.

Morley : measurement of coefficient of expansion, 55.

Moving media: effect on velocity of light, 151.

Music : color, 2.

Newton: corpuscular theory, 45; spectrum, 60.

Objective: relation to size of diffraction pattern, 30.

Pendulum : motion of, 6; as standard of length, 86.

Period, 6.

Phase : defined, 7; loss of by reflection, 16.

Poisson: diffraction, 21.

Polarization, 110.

Quincke: interference of sound, 9.

Rayleigh : diffraction of sound, 21; discovery of Argon, 24.

Reflection : change of phase on, 16.

Refraction : comparison of theories of, 47; index of, 50; measurement of index of, 51.

Resolution: of telescope, 29,130; of microscope, 30; of spectroscope, 62; of grating, 121; of echelon, 125.

Revolving mirror, 48.

Ripples: interference of on surface of mercury, 11.

Rogers: measurement of coefficient of expansion, 55.

Ruskin, 1.

Saturn, 128.

Screw : testing with interferometer, 57.

Sensitive flame, 19.

Simple harmonic motion, 6; curve, 7.

Sine curve, 7.

Slit: diffraction produced by, 22.

Soap film : colors of, 14.

Sodium : spectrum of, 61: distance between lines a standard of measurement, 62; distance between lines of, 66; analysis of radiations of, 78; action of magnetism on radiations of, 107.

Sound waves : interference of, 9; diffraction of, 19; shadow produced by, 20.

Source of light : distribution of, 75.

Spectral lines: structure of, 62; analysis of with interferometer, 73.

Spectrum, 60; of sodium, 61, 78; of hydrogen, 78; of thallium, 79; of mercury, 80; of cadmium, 81; order of, 121.

Standards of length, 86.

Star discs : size of, 143.

Struve: Jupiter’s satellites, 142.

Telescope: efficiency of, 25; limit of resolution of, 29,130.

Thallium : analysis of radiations of, 79.

Tuning-forks : beats formed by, 12.

Undulatory theory, 44.

Uranus: discovery of, 24.

Vacuum tubes : as sources of light, 75.

Velocity: of wave motion, 8, 146; of light, 146.

Visibility : defined, 68; curves with the interferometer, 70; with the double slit, 139.

Vortex theory, 161.

Wavelength: definition of, 7; measurement of, 17; as standard of length, 84.

Wave motion, 3; kinetic model of, 4; Kelvin’s dynamic model of, 5; propagation of, 7.

Wheatstone: velocity of light, 48.

Young : interference, 22.

Zeeman : action of magnetism on light x 107.

Zinc : spectrum of, 62.